There are exceptions to this practice, but in general, the electrochemical potential is used in most electrochemical experiments. The potential of the working electrode is measured or applied with respect to the reference electrode potential. In electrochemical systems, a reference electrode acts as a stable reference point. In this case, the voltage between (a) and (b) is +1 V. For example, in Figure 1.1, point (a) could have a potential of +100 V and point (b) could have a potential of +101 V with respect to a known reference point, such as ground. Voltage represents the difference in potential between two points. Electrical potential is the energy per unit charge gained or lost when current is moved from a known reference point. However, in electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, we will switch from using voltage to electrical potential. The definition of impedance comes from electrical circuits, and as a result, voltage is commonly used to define impedance. The impedance is proportional to the frequency-dependent voltage and frequency-dependent current, where is the angular frequency of an oscillating sine wave. AfterMath Live Electrochemical Simulation.
